Reception baseline assessment (RBA) 2024: what parents need to know

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What exactly is the Reception baseline assessment?

The RBA is a 20-minute, activity-based, 1-to-1 assessment that has been designed to get a snapshot of your child's early literacy, mathematics, language and communication skills. Every Reception-class child in England will take the RBA within the 1st 6 weeks of starting school.

What if my child's at primary school in Scotland? In P1, your child will take 2 online SNSA tests: one in numeracy and one in literacy. The results are not share with pupils or parents but are made available to teachers to help them plan lessons and next steps in learning.

What if my child's at primary school in Northern Ireland? There's no testing in Year One.

What if my child's at primary school in Wales? In the 1st 6 weeks of term, your child's teacher will complete a Foundation Phase profile that assesses your child in 6 key developmental areas. The teacher will share this assessment with you and you'll get a written report.

What does it assess?

The assessment covers two main topics: mathematics and literacy, communication and language (LCL). The mathematics section includes early number tasks, early calculation (early addition/subtraction), mathematical language and early understanding of pattern. The LCL section includes tasks covering early vocabulary, phonological awareness and early comprehension.

Reception baseline assessment examples

The Government asks schools not to share the outline of the tasks children are asked to do in the RBA (and it's very hard to find any examples of them online) because they want to make sure that no child has an advantage.

But the RBA is very informal and practical – most of the tasks your child will be asked to do will be 'hands on' and involve moving colourful objects or pointing to pictures; in other tasks, your child will be asked a question and asked to give a verbal reply.

The tasks are designed to give the teacher a picture of your child's current abilities in different key areas, including early vocabulary, memory skills, describing and understanding a picture, recognising numbers, and understanding patterns, shapes and sizes. Judging by the material used in pilot tests of the RBA, a task might be, for example:

Your child is shown a picture of a boat with green fish swimming around it. Some of the fish are small and some of them are big. Your child is then asked, "Can you show me the big fish?"

Who will be carrying out the Reception baseline assessment with my child?

The RBA must be carried out by someone your child knows and is comfortable with. This could be your child's class teacher or the classroom assistant or it may be an Early Years leader or Special Educational Needs Coordinator.

As the RBA must take place within your child's 1st 6 weeks at school, it actually provides valuable 1-to-1 time that allows the teaching staff to get to know your child better in those early weeks.

Preparing for the Reception baseline assessment

You can't – and you shouldn't feel you have to. The RBA is not a 'test' and the results aren't used to judge your child: they're actually used by the school to build up a picture of the abilities of the classes as a whole.

As the Government says in their leaflet for parents about the RBA, "Your child cannot 'pass' or 'fail' the assessment. Its main purpose is to create a starting point to measure the progress schools make with their pupils."

Will my child know when the Reception baseline assessment is happening?

No, the whole idea of structuring the RBA as a short series of practical, fun tasks is that your child probably won't realise they're having an assessment. Everything will be kept as low-key as possible, with the teacher deciding when to carry out the RBA with your child. It will happen during normal teaching time, though, maybe with the teacher pausing or take a break between tasks if they feel your child is getting distracted or restless.

Are parents told when it's happening?

The school or the class teacher may send out some general info to parents about the RBA, but usually they won't tell you when your child is being assessed.

Accommodating special needs

The assessment has been designed to ensure that it is inclusive and accessible to as many children as possible, including those with special educational needs or disability or English as an additional language.

The teacher can pause the assessment at any time if your child needs a break. There are also modified materials available for children with visual and hearing impairments.

Reception baseline assessment results

You won't receive any results and even your child's teacher and the school will not be told how many marks an individual child gets. The score your child receives will be recorded in the national pupil database and will only be used for marking progress of schools. Your child's school will instead receive a short list of statements that set out how your child has performed in the assessment. Schools do not legally have to report these to parents but they must share them if you request them.

Your child cannot pass or fail the test — it's designed to provide an overview of your child's abilities in key areas when they first start school. The results and scores are not used to track, label or judge pupils, instead the data will only be used by the Department for Education to: "create a baseline for school-level progress measures for primary schools. This will show the progress pupils make from reception until the end of key stage 2 in year 6." The results will be published for the first time in 2028.

It's also worth knowing that the introduction of the RBA means that primary-school children in England no longer have to undergo assessments at the end of Key Stage 1 (Year 2).

Will my child take any other assessments in their Reception year?

No, but at the end of the year, your child's teacher will complete – and share with you – an Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) report.

This report is an outline – based on the class teacher's observations over the year – of how your child has developed throughout their 1st year at school, based on an informal assessment of your child in relation to the 17 Early Learning Goals (ELGs). The areas covered by these ELGs include:

Communication and language, including speaking, listening, attention and understanding
Physical development, including fine and gross motor skills
Personal, social and emotional development, including self-regulation, managing self and building relationships
Literacy, including comprehension, word reading and writing
Mathematics, including numbers and numerical patterns
Understanding of the world, including past and present, the natural world and people, culture and communities
Expressive arts and design, including creating with materials and being imaginative and expressive

Pics: Getty Images. Additional research: Emily Longman Wall

Helen BrownHead of Content Delivery

Helen is author of the classic advice book Parenting for Dummies and a mum of 3. Before joining MadeForMums, she was Head of Community at Mumsnet and also the Consumer Editor of Mother & Baby.